\(\int \frac {x^6}{a+b x^8} \, dx\) [1462]

Optimal result

Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 267 \[ \int \frac {x^6}{a+b x^8} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}+\frac {\arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}+\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}} \]

[Out]

1/4*arctan(b^(1/8)*x/(-a)^(1/8))/(-a)^(1/8)/b^(7/8)-1/4*arctanh(b^(1/8)*x/(-a)^(1/8))/(-a)^(1/8)/b^(7/8)+1/8*a
rctan(-1+b^(1/8)*x*2^(1/2)/(-a)^(1/8))/(-a)^(1/8)/b^(7/8)*2^(1/2)+1/8*arctan(1+b^(1/8)*x*2^(1/2)/(-a)^(1/8))/(
-a)^(1/8)/b^(7/8)*2^(1/2)+1/16*ln((-a)^(1/4)+b^(1/4)*x^2-(-a)^(1/8)*b^(1/8)*x*2^(1/2))/(-a)^(1/8)/b^(7/8)*2^(1
/2)-1/16*ln((-a)^(1/4)+b^(1/4)*x^2+(-a)^(1/8)*b^(1/8)*x*2^(1/2))/(-a)^(1/8)/b^(7/8)*2^(1/2)

Rubi [A] (verified)

Time = 0.14 (sec) , antiderivative size = 267, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 13, number of rules used = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.769, Rules used = {307, 303, 1176, 631, 210, 1179, 642, 304, 211, 214} \[ \int \frac {x^6}{a+b x^8} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}+\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}+\frac {\log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}} \]

[In]

Int[x^6/(a + b*x^8),x]

[Out]

ArcTan[(b^(1/8)*x)/(-a)^(1/8)]/(4*(-a)^(1/8)*b^(7/8)) - ArcTan[1 - (Sqrt[2]*b^(1/8)*x)/(-a)^(1/8)]/(4*Sqrt[2]*
(-a)^(1/8)*b^(7/8)) + ArcTan[1 + (Sqrt[2]*b^(1/8)*x)/(-a)^(1/8)]/(4*Sqrt[2]*(-a)^(1/8)*b^(7/8)) - ArcTanh[(b^(
1/8)*x)/(-a)^(1/8)]/(4*(-a)^(1/8)*b^(7/8)) + Log[(-a)^(1/4) - Sqrt[2]*(-a)^(1/8)*b^(1/8)*x + b^(1/4)*x^2]/(8*S
qrt[2]*(-a)^(1/8)*b^(7/8)) - Log[(-a)^(1/4) + Sqrt[2]*(-a)^(1/8)*b^(1/8)*x + b^(1/4)*x^2]/(8*Sqrt[2]*(-a)^(1/8
)*b^(7/8))

Rule 210

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^(-1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])
], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 211

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Rt[a/b, 2]/a)*ArcTan[x/Rt[a/b, 2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]
&& PosQ[a/b]

Rule 214

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Rt[-a/b, 2]/a)*ArcTanh[x/Rt[-a/b, 2]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b},
x] && NegQ[a/b]

Rule 303

Int[(x_)^2/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numerator[Rt[a/b, 2]], s = Denominator[Rt[a/b, 2]]},
Dist[1/(2*s), Int[(r + s*x^2)/(a + b*x^4), x], x] - Dist[1/(2*s), Int[(r - s*x^2)/(a + b*x^4), x], x]] /; Free
Q[{a, b}, x] && (GtQ[a/b, 0] || (PosQ[a/b] && AtomQ[SplitProduct[SumBaseQ, a]] && AtomQ[SplitProduct[SumBaseQ,
b]]))

Rule 304

Int[(x_)^2/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numerator[Rt[-a/b, 2]], s = Denominator[Rt[-a/b, 2]]}
, Dist[s/(2*b), Int[1/(r + s*x^2), x], x] - Dist[s/(2*b), Int[1/(r - s*x^2), x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] &&  !
GtQ[a/b, 0]

Rule 307

Int[(x_)^(m_)/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_)), x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numerator[Rt[-a/b, 2]], s = Denominator[Rt[-a/b
, 2]]}, Dist[s/(2*b), Int[x^(m - n/2)/(r + s*x^(n/2)), x], x] - Dist[s/(2*b), Int[x^(m - n/2)/(r - s*x^(n/2)),
x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && IGtQ[n/4, 0] && IGtQ[m, 0] && LeQ[n/2, m] && LtQ[m, n] &&  !GtQ[a/b, 0]

Rule 631

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = 1 - 4*Simplify[a*(c/b^2)]}, Dist[-2/b, Sub
st[Int[1/(q - x^2), x], x, 1 + 2*c*(x/b)], x] /; RationalQ[q] && (EqQ[q^2, 1] ||  !RationalQ[b^2 - 4*a*c])] /;
FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rule 642

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Simp[d*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x +
c*x^2, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]

Rule 1176

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[2*(d/e), 2]}, Dist[e/(2*c), Int[1/S
imp[d/e + q*x + x^2, x], x], x] + Dist[e/(2*c), Int[1/Simp[d/e - q*x + x^2, x], x], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, c, d, e},
x] && EqQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0] && PosQ[d*e]

Rule 1179

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)/((a_) + (c_.)*(x_)^4), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = Rt[-2*(d/e), 2]}, Dist[e/(2*c*q), Int[
(q - 2*x)/Simp[d/e + q*x - x^2, x], x], x] + Dist[e/(2*c*q), Int[(q + 2*x)/Simp[d/e - q*x - x^2, x], x], x]] /
; FreeQ[{a, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[c*d^2 - a*e^2, 0] && NegQ[d*e]

Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {\int \frac {x^2}{\sqrt {-a}-\sqrt {b} x^4} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {b}}+\frac {\int \frac {x^2}{\sqrt {-a}+\sqrt {b} x^4} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {b}} \\ & = -\frac {\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt [4]{b} x^2} \, dx}{4 b^{3/4}}+\frac {\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2} \, dx}{4 b^{3/4}}-\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt [4]{b} x^2}{\sqrt {-a}+\sqrt {b} x^4} \, dx}{4 b^{3/4}}+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2}{\sqrt {-a}+\sqrt {b} x^4} \, dx}{4 b^{3/4}} \\ & = \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}+\frac {\int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+x^2} \, dx}{8 b}+\frac {\int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+x^2} \, dx}{8 b}+\frac {\int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a}}{\sqrt [8]{b}}+2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}+\frac {\int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a}}{\sqrt [8]{b}}-2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{b}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{b}}-x^2} \, dx}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}} \\ & = \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}+\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}} \\ & = \frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{4 \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}+\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{b} x+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2\right )}{8 \sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} b^{7/8}} \\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [A] (verified)

Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 324, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.21 \[ \int \frac {x^6}{a+b x^8} \, dx=\frac {2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x \sec \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}-\tan \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )\right ) \cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x \sec \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}+\tan \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )\right ) \cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )+\cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2-2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )\right )-\cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2+2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \cos \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )\right )-2 \arctan \left (\cot \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )-\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x \csc \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}\right ) \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )+2 \arctan \left (\cot \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )+\frac {\sqrt [8]{b} x \csc \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a}}\right ) \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )+\log \left (\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2-2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )\right ) \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )-\log \left (\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{b} x^2+2 \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{b} x \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )\right ) \sin \left (\frac {\pi }{8}\right )}{8 \sqrt [8]{a} b^{7/8}} \]

[In]

Integrate[x^6/(a + b*x^8),x]

[Out]

(2*ArcTan[(b^(1/8)*x*Sec[Pi/8])/a^(1/8) - Tan[Pi/8]]*Cos[Pi/8] + 2*ArcTan[(b^(1/8)*x*Sec[Pi/8])/a^(1/8) + Tan[
Pi/8]]*Cos[Pi/8] + Cos[Pi/8]*Log[a^(1/4) + b^(1/4)*x^2 - 2*a^(1/8)*b^(1/8)*x*Cos[Pi/8]] - Cos[Pi/8]*Log[a^(1/4
) + b^(1/4)*x^2 + 2*a^(1/8)*b^(1/8)*x*Cos[Pi/8]] - 2*ArcTan[Cot[Pi/8] - (b^(1/8)*x*Csc[Pi/8])/a^(1/8)]*Sin[Pi/
8] + 2*ArcTan[Cot[Pi/8] + (b^(1/8)*x*Csc[Pi/8])/a^(1/8)]*Sin[Pi/8] + Log[a^(1/4) + b^(1/4)*x^2 - 2*a^(1/8)*b^(
1/8)*x*Sin[Pi/8]]*Sin[Pi/8] - Log[a^(1/4) + b^(1/4)*x^2 + 2*a^(1/8)*b^(1/8)*x*Sin[Pi/8]]*Sin[Pi/8])/(8*a^(1/8)
*b^(7/8))

Maple [C] (verified)

Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.

Time = 3.23 (sec) , antiderivative size = 27, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.10

method	result	size
default	\(\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (b \,\textit {\_Z}^{8}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}}}{8 b}\)	\(27\)
risch	\(\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (b \,\textit {\_Z}^{8}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}}}{8 b}\)	\(27\)

[In]

int(x^6/(b*x^8+a),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

1/8/b*sum(1/_R*ln(x-_R),_R=RootOf(_Z^8*b+a))

Fricas [C] (verification not implemented)

Result contains complex when optimal does not.

Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 272, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.02 \[ \int \frac {x^6}{a+b x^8} \, dx=-\left (\frac {1}{16} i - \frac {1}{16}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (\left (\frac {1}{2} i + \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a b^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + x\right ) + \left (\frac {1}{16} i + \frac {1}{16}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-\left (\frac {1}{2} i - \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a b^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + x\right ) - \left (\frac {1}{16} i + \frac {1}{16}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (\left (\frac {1}{2} i - \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a b^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + x\right ) + \left (\frac {1}{16} i - \frac {1}{16}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-\left (\frac {1}{2} i + \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a b^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + x\right ) + \frac {1}{8} \, \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (a b^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + x\right ) - \frac {1}{8} i \, \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (i \, a b^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + x\right ) + \frac {1}{8} i \, \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-i \, a b^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + x\right ) - \frac {1}{8} \, \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-a b^{6} \left (-\frac {1}{a b^{7}}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} + x\right ) \]

[In]

integrate(x^6/(b*x^8+a),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-(1/16*I - 1/16)*sqrt(2)*(-1/(a*b^7))^(1/8)*log((1/2*I + 1/2)*sqrt(2)*a*b^6*(-1/(a*b^7))^(7/8) + x) + (1/16*I
+ 1/16)*sqrt(2)*(-1/(a*b^7))^(1/8)*log(-(1/2*I - 1/2)*sqrt(2)*a*b^6*(-1/(a*b^7))^(7/8) + x) - (1/16*I + 1/16)*
sqrt(2)*(-1/(a*b^7))^(1/8)*log((1/2*I - 1/2)*sqrt(2)*a*b^6*(-1/(a*b^7))^(7/8) + x) + (1/16*I - 1/16)*sqrt(2)*(
-1/(a*b^7))^(1/8)*log(-(1/2*I + 1/2)*sqrt(2)*a*b^6*(-1/(a*b^7))^(7/8) + x) + 1/8*(-1/(a*b^7))^(1/8)*log(a*b^6*
(-1/(a*b^7))^(7/8) + x) - 1/8*I*(-1/(a*b^7))^(1/8)*log(I*a*b^6*(-1/(a*b^7))^(7/8) + x) + 1/8*I*(-1/(a*b^7))^(1
/8)*log(-I*a*b^6*(-1/(a*b^7))^(7/8) + x) - 1/8*(-1/(a*b^7))^(1/8)*log(-a*b^6*(-1/(a*b^7))^(7/8) + x)

Sympy [A] (verification not implemented)

Time = 0.08 (sec) , antiderivative size = 26, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.10 \[ \int \frac {x^6}{a+b x^8} \, dx=\operatorname {RootSum} {\left (16777216 t^{8} a b^{7} + 1, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (2097152 t^{7} a b^{6} + x \right )} \right )\right )} \]

[In]

integrate(x**6/(b*x**8+a),x)

[Out]

RootSum(16777216*_t**8*a*b**7 + 1, Lambda(_t, _t*log(2097152*_t**7*a*b**6 + x)))

Maxima [F]

\[ \int \frac {x^6}{a+b x^8} \, dx=\int { \frac {x^{6}}{b x^{8} + a} \,d x } \]

[In]

integrate(x^6/(b*x^8+a),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate(x^6/(b*x^8 + a), x)

Giac [B] (verification not implemented)

Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 437 vs. \(2 (182) = 364\).

Time = 0.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 437, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.64 \[ \int \frac {x^6}{a+b x^8} \, dx=\frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x + \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x - \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x + \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {2 \, x - \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{4 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{8 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{8 \, a \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{8 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {7}{8}} \log \left (x^{2} - x \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{8 \, a \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} \]

[In]

integrate(x^6/(b*x^8+a),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

1/4*(a/b)^(7/8)*arctan((2*x + sqrt(-sqrt(2) + 2)*(a/b)^(1/8))/(sqrt(sqrt(2) + 2)*(a/b)^(1/8)))/(a*sqrt(-2*sqrt
(2) + 4)) + 1/4*(a/b)^(7/8)*arctan((2*x - sqrt(-sqrt(2) + 2)*(a/b)^(1/8))/(sqrt(sqrt(2) + 2)*(a/b)^(1/8)))/(a*
sqrt(-2*sqrt(2) + 4)) + 1/4*(a/b)^(7/8)*arctan((2*x + sqrt(sqrt(2) + 2)*(a/b)^(1/8))/(sqrt(-sqrt(2) + 2)*(a/b)
^(1/8)))/(a*sqrt(2*sqrt(2) + 4)) + 1/4*(a/b)^(7/8)*arctan((2*x - sqrt(sqrt(2) + 2)*(a/b)^(1/8))/(sqrt(-sqrt(2)
+ 2)*(a/b)^(1/8)))/(a*sqrt(2*sqrt(2) + 4)) - 1/8*(a/b)^(7/8)*log(x^2 + x*sqrt(sqrt(2) + 2)*(a/b)^(1/8) + (a/b
)^(1/4))/(a*sqrt(-2*sqrt(2) + 4)) + 1/8*(a/b)^(7/8)*log(x^2 - x*sqrt(sqrt(2) + 2)*(a/b)^(1/8) + (a/b)^(1/4))/(
a*sqrt(-2*sqrt(2) + 4)) - 1/8*(a/b)^(7/8)*log(x^2 + x*sqrt(-sqrt(2) + 2)*(a/b)^(1/8) + (a/b)^(1/4))/(a*sqrt(2*
sqrt(2) + 4)) + 1/8*(a/b)^(7/8)*log(x^2 - x*sqrt(-sqrt(2) + 2)*(a/b)^(1/8) + (a/b)^(1/4))/(a*sqrt(2*sqrt(2) +
4))

Mupad [B] (verification not implemented)

Time = 5.90 (sec) , antiderivative size = 110, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.41 \[ \int \frac {x^6}{a+b x^8} \, dx=\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {b^{1/8}\,x}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}}\right )}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}\,b^{7/8}}+\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {b^{1/8}\,x\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}}\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{4\,{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}\,b^{7/8}}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,b^{1/8}\,x\,\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{8}-\frac {1}{8}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}\,b^{7/8}}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,b^{1/8}\,x\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{8}+\frac {1}{8}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{{\left (-a\right )}^{1/8}\,b^{7/8}} \]

[In]

int(x^6/(a + b*x^8),x)

[Out]

atan((b^(1/8)*x)/(-a)^(1/8))/(4*(-a)^(1/8)*b^(7/8)) + (atan((b^(1/8)*x*1i)/(-a)^(1/8))*1i)/(4*(-a)^(1/8)*b^(7/
8)) + (2^(1/2)*atan((2^(1/2)*b^(1/8)*x*(1/2 - 1i/2))/(-a)^(1/8))*(1/8 - 1i/8))/((-a)^(1/8)*b^(7/8)) + (2^(1/2)
*atan((2^(1/2)*b^(1/8)*x*(1/2 + 1i/2))/(-a)^(1/8))*(1/8 + 1i/8))/((-a)^(1/8)*b^(7/8))